# BMesh Module (bmesh)

This module provides access to blenders bmesh data structures.

Submodules:

- BMesh Operators (bmesh.ops)
- BMesh Types (bmesh.types)
- BMesh Utilities (bmesh.utils)
- BMesh Geometry Utilities (bmesh.geometry)

## Introduction

This API gives access the blenders internal mesh editing api, featuring geometry connectivity data and access to editing operations such as split, separate, collapse and dissolve.

The features exposed closely follow the C API, giving python access to the functions used by blenders own mesh editing tools.

For an overview of BMesh data types and how they reference each other see: BMesh Design Document .

Note

Disk and Radial data is not exposed by the python api since this is for internal use only.

Warning

TODO items are…

- add access to BMesh walkers
- add custom-data manipulation functions add/remove/rename.

## Example Script

    # This example assumes we have a mesh object selected

    import bpy
    import bmesh

    # Get the active mesh
    me = bpy.context.object.data

    # Get a BMesh representation
    bm = bmesh.new()   # create an empty BMesh
    bm.from_mesh(me)   # fill it in from a Mesh

    # Modify the BMesh, can do anything here...
    for v in bm.verts:
        v.co.x += 1.0

    # Finish up, write the bmesh back to the mesh
    bm.to_mesh(me)
    bm.free()  # free and prevent further access

### Stand-Alone Module

The bmesh module is written to be standalone except for `mathutils` which is used for vertex locations and normals.

The only other exception to this are when converting mesh data to and from `bpy.types.Mesh`.

## Mesh Access

There are 2 ways to access BMesh data, you can create a new BMesh by converting a mesh from `bpy.types.BlendData.meshes` or by accessing the current edit mode mesh. see: `bmesh.types.BMesh.from_mesh` and `bmesh.from_edit_mesh` respectively.

When explicitly converting from mesh data python owns the data, that is to say - that the mesh only exists while python holds a reference to it, and the script is responsible for putting it back into a mesh data-block when the edits are done.

Note that unlike `bpy`, a BMesh does not necessarily correspond to data in the currently open blend file, a BMesh can be created, edited and freed without the user ever seeing or having access to it. Unlike edit mode, the bmesh module can use multiple BMesh instances at once.

Take care when dealing with multiple BMesh instances since the mesh data can use a lot of memory, while a mesh that python owns will be freed in when the script holds no references to it, its good practice to call `bmesh.types.BMesh.free` which will remove all the mesh data immediately and disable further access.

### EditMode Tessellation

When writing scripts that operate on editmode data you will normally want to re-calculate the tessellation after running the script, this needs to be called explicitly.

The BMesh its self does not store the triangulated faces, they are stored in the `bpy.types.Mesh`, to refresh tessellation triangles call `bpy.types.Mesh.calc_loop_triangles`.

## CustomData Access

BMesh has a unified way to access mesh attributes such as UV’s vertex colors, shape keys, edge crease etc.

This works by having a layers property on bmesh data sequences to access the custom data layers which can then be used to access the actual data on each vert/edge/face/loop.

Here are some examples …

    uv_lay = bm.loops.layers.uv.active

    for face in bm.faces:
        for loop in face.loops:
            uv = loop[uv_lay].uv
            print("Loop UV: %f, %f" % uv[:])
            vert = loop.vert
            print("Loop Vert: (%f,%f,%f)" % vert.co[:])

    shape_lay = bm.verts.layers.shape["Key.001"]

    for vert in bm.verts:
        shape = vert[shape_lay]
        print("Vert Shape: %f, %f, %f" % (shape.x, shape.y, shape.z))

    # in this example the active vertex group index is used,
    # this is stored in the object, not the BMesh
    group_index = obj.vertex_groups.active_index

    # only ever one deform weight layer
    dvert_lay = bm.verts.layers.deform.active

    for vert in bm.verts:
        dvert = vert[dvert_lay]

        if group_index in dvert:
            print("Weight %f" % dvert[group_index])
        else:
            print("Setting Weight")
            dvert[group_index] = 0.5

## Keeping a Correct State

When modeling in blender there are certain assumptions made about the state of the mesh.

- hidden geometry isn’t selected.
- when an edge is selected, its vertices are selected too.
- when a face is selected, its edges and vertices are selected.
- duplicate edges / faces don’t exist.
- faces have at least 3 vertices.

To give developers flexibility these conventions are not enforced, however tools must leave the mesh in a valid state else other tools may behave incorrectly.

Any errors that arise from not following these conventions is considered a bug in the script, not a bug in blender.

### Selection / Flushing

As mentioned above, it is possible to create an invalid selection state (by selecting a state and then de-selecting one of its vertices’s for example), mostly the best way to solve this is to flush the selection after performing a series of edits. this validates the selection state.

## Module Functions

`bmesh.``from_edit_mesh`(mesh)

  Return a BMesh from this mesh, currently the mesh must already be in editmode.

  Parameters: | mesh (`bpy.types.Mesh`) – The editmode mesh.
  Returns: | the BMesh associated with this mesh.
  Return type: | `bmesh.types.BMesh`

`bmesh.``new`(use_operators=True)

  Parameters: | use_operators (bool) – Support calling operators in `bmesh.ops` (uses some extra memory per vert/edge/face).
  Returns: | Return a new, empty BMesh.
  Return type: | `bmesh.types.BMesh`

`bmesh.``update_edit_mesh`(mesh, loop_triangles=True, destructive=True)

  Update the mesh after changes to the BMesh in editmode, optionally recalculating n-gon tessellation.

  Parameters: | mesh (`bpy.types.Mesh`) – The editmode mesh. loop_triangles (boolean) – Option to recalculate n-gon tessellation. destructive (boolean) – Use when geometry has been added or removed.